Alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine Essay Example for Free

Alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine Essay Antecedents I woke up a little late so I was worried about the things I have to do for the day. I decided to have coffee for breakfast, nothing else as I was rushing to call a friend who is expecting my call that morning. Towards lunch time, I was thirsty and I thought a can of soda would be great. I grabbed one and finished it in no time. Consequences I had coffee and soda because I was rushing when I was having my breakfast, and coffee is the quickest that I can get. Also, I know it can perk me up. I got another dose of caffeine through the soda I drank, which is sort of a feel-good drink for me. DAY 2 (Tuesday) Antecedents It was a relaxed day, nothing much to do. I ate right and did not have coffee today. I did not drink any cola either. I bought bottled water which lasted me through the day so I did not have to buy another can of soda. Consequences There was no caffeine today; no nicotine or alcohol either as I am not a fan of these. I figured if I am relaxed there is less chance for me to have caffeine. Having water available also helps. I felt light and active throughout the day. DAY 3 (Wednesday) Antecedents I met with a friend and he was smoking so I smoked too when I was offered, though I barely finished the whole stick. I also had iced coffee after lunch, to perk me up because I was feeling sleepy but I did not want any hot drinks. Consequences I was dizzy. I was guessing it is because of the cigarette; that I am not used to it especially that brand my friend had that is why it got me dizzy. The coffee helped a lot. As always it perked me up.

The Work of Frida Kahlo Essay -- Self Portrait Dedicated to Leon Trots

The work of Frida Kahlo often labeled and defined as feminist art continues to describe and establish what feminist art is. Wife of the well known and highly regarded Diego Rivera, Frida struggled to become an artist in her own right. Her extremely passionate love for and devotion to her husband manifested itself in an unusual manner in their already unconventional and unique marriage. However it is partly this obsession with Diego that helped motivate her own success as a feminist artist. Her passionate political and revolutionary spirit resonates in the subjects of her paintings as she herself states, "I want my work to be a contribution to the struggle of the people for peace and liberty." (Herrera p.263). She confronts her pain and suffering and openly exposes herself in her work. Essentially Kahlo's work includes and encompasses all of the theories and themes discussed in Art History 466. Pain and suffering, active political and social awareness are present in her paint ings, and most importantly an acute awareness of the power of the feminine and of feminist art is prevalent as well. The passionate, seductive and exotic nature of Frida's work is used combined with humor, pain and endless emotion emphatically stating her awareness of the power she as a woman and an artist possessed, despite her unquestionable and undeniable insecurities, frustrations and suffering. She utilized these attributes to her advantage in producing some of the most astonishing works unarguably and undisputably renowned for their aesthetic and intellectual superiority. Despite its initial appearance of a simple image lacking the usual surreal qualities of Frida's work, her Self Portrait Dedicated to Leon Trotsky is saturated in sensuality and mystery demanding further investigation. With her directed, seductive gaze Frida holds a private conversation with Leon as she presents herself as a gift to him. In her biography on Kahlo, Hayden Herrera notes Frida "was flattered to be loved by the Great Russian, fascinated by his mind and moved by his desire. Frida was delighted to have an affair with Trotsky" (Herrera p.212). Kahlo's portrait, while presenting a relatively small image, is monumentalized by the saturation of passion and emotion that she shares with Trotsky. The portrait, lacking the usual bloody and shocking imagery often seen in Kahlo's work, is not di... ... Numerous times of ill health in Frida's life coincided with times she felt more alone, depressed, upset and helpless as a result of present occuances. Thus, even Frida herself could not deny the effect Trotsky had on her and her life, as additionally evidenced in the monumental qualities of her image peaking out from "Behind the Curtains". Through her portrait Frida is saying thank you while still teasing her former lover with her seductive irresistible image. She is acknowledging Trotsky's's effect soon to be felt as the "bomb", being Frida, bursts through the "ribbon." The "ribbon" is the pain and suffering, the limitations and frustrations caused by Diego. The "ribbon" represents a Frida truly becoming an artist in her own right. She, of course, realizes the role Trotsky played in this revelation as evidenced in the Self Portrait she presented to him on the seventh of November, 1937, "with love." With girlish fascination Frida flirted with the political idol only to find it was she to be admired and idolized. Kahlo combats the struggle of a woman presenting herself as if announcing, "Yes, I am to be looked at, to be noticed, to be remembered and to be fantasized!"

Foundation and Empire 14. The Mutant

The â€Å"hangar† on Kalgan is an institution peculiar unto itself, born of the need for the disposition of the vast number of ships brought in by the visitors from abroad, and the simultaneous and consequent vast need for living accommodations for the same. The original bright one who had thought of the obvious solution had quickly become a millionaire. His heirs – by birth or finance – were easily among the richest on Kalgan. The â€Å"hangar† spreads fatly over square miles of territory, and â€Å"hangar† does not describe it at all sufficiently. It is essentially a hotel – for ships. The traveler pays in advance and his ship is awarded a berth from which it can take off into space at any desired moment. The visitor then lives in his ship as always. The ordinary hotel services such as the replacement of food and medical supplies at special rates, simple servicing of the ship itself, special intra-Kalgan transportation for a nominal sum are to be had, of course. As a result, the visitor combines hangar space and hotel bill into one, at a saving. The owners sell temporary use of ground space at ample profits. The government collects huge taxes. Everyone has fun. Nobody loses. Simple! The man who made his way down the shadow-borders of the wide corridors that connected the multitudinous wings of the â€Å"hangar† had in the past speculated on the novelty and usefulness of the system described above, but these were reflections for idle moments – distinctly unsuitable at present. The ships hulked in their height and breadth down the long lines of carefully aligned cells, and the man discarded line after line. He was an expert at what he was doing now and if his preliminary study of the hangar registry had failed to give specific information beyond the doubtful indication of a specific wing – one containing hundreds of ships – his specialized knowledge could winnow those hundreds into one. There was the ghost of a sigh in the silence, as the man stopped and faded down one of the lines; a crawling insect beneath the notice of the arrogant metal monsters that rested there. Here and there the sparkling of light from a porthole would indicate the presence of an early returner from the organized pleasures to simpler – or more private – pleasures of his own. The man halted, and would have smiled if he ever smiled. Certainly the convolutions of his brain performed the mental equivalent of a smile. The ship he stopped at was sleek and obviously fast. The peculiarity of its design was what he wanted. It was not a usual model – and these days most of the ships of this quadrant of the Galaxy either imitated Foundation design or were built by Foundation technicians. But this was special. This was a Foundation ship – if only because of the tiny bulges in the skin that were the nodes of the protective screen that only a Foundation ship could possess. There were other indications, too. The man felt no hesitation. The electronic barrier strung across the line of the ships as a concession to privacy on the part of the management was not at all important to him. It parted easily, and without activating the alarm, at the use of the very special neutralizing force he had at his disposal. So the first knowledge within the ship of the intruder without was the casual and almost friendly signal of the muted buzzer in the ship's living room that was the result of a palm placed over the little photocell just one side of the main air lock. And while that successful search went on, Toran and Bayta felt only the most precarious security within the steel walls of the Bayta. The Mule's clown who had reported that within his narrow compass of body he held the lordly name of Magnifico Giganticus, sat hunched over the table and gobbled at the food set before him. His sad, brown eyes lifted from his meat only to follow Bayta's movements in the combined kitchen and larder where he ate. â€Å"The thanks of a weak one are of but little value,† he muttered, â€Å"but you have them, for truly, in this past week, little but scraps have come my way – and for all my body is small, yet is my appetite unseemly great.† â€Å"Well, then, eat!† said Bayta, with a smile. â€Å"Don't waste your time on thanks. Isn't there a Central Galaxy proverb about gratitude that I once heard?† â€Å"Truly there is, my lady. For a wise man, I have been told, once said, ‘Gratitude is best and most effective when it does not evaporate itself in empty phrases.' But alas, my lady, I am but a mass of empty phrases, it would seem. When my empty phrases pleased the Mule, it brought me a court dress, and a grand name – for, see you, it was originally simply Bobo, one that pleases him not – and then when my empty phrases pleased him not, it would bring upon my poor bones beatings and whippings.† Toran entered from the pilot room, â€Å"Nothing to do now but wait, Bay. I hope the Mule is capable of understanding that a Foundation ship is Foundation territory.† Magnifico Giganticus, once Bobo, opened his eyes wide and exclaimed, â€Å"How great is the Foundation before which even the cruel servants of the Mule tremble.† â€Å"Have you heard of the Foundation, too?† asked Bayta, with a little smile. â€Å"And who has not?† Magnifico's voice was a mysterious whisper. â€Å"There are those who say it is a world of great magic, of fires that can consume planets, and secrets of mighty strength. They say that not the highest nobility of the Galaxy could achieve the honor and deference considered only the natural due of a simple man who could say ‘I am a citizen of the Foundation,' – were he only a salvage miner of space, or a nothing like myself.† Bayta said, â€Å"Now, Magnifico, you'll never finish if you make speeches. Here, I'll get you a little flavored milk. It's good.† She placed a pitcher of it upon the table and motioned Toran out of the room. â€Å"Torie, what are we going to do now – about him?† and she motioned towards the kitchen. â€Å"How do you mean?† â€Å"If the Mule comes, are we going to give him up?† â€Å"Well, what else, Bay?† He sounded harassed, and the gesture with which he shoved back the moist curl upon his forehead testified to that. He continued impatiently, â€Å"Before I came here I had a sort of vague idea that all we had to do was to ask for the Mule, and then get down to business – just business, you know, nothing definite.† â€Å"I know what you mean, Torie. I wasn't much hoping to see the Mule myself, but I did think we could pick up some firsthand knowledge of the mess, and then pass it over to people who know a little more about this interstellar intrigue. I'm no storybook spy.† â€Å"You're not behind me, Bay.† He folded his arms and frowned. â€Å"What a situation! You'd never know there was a person like the Mule, except for this last queer break. Do you suppose he'll come for his clown?† Bayta looked up at him. â€Å"I don't know that I want him to. I don't know what to say or do. Do you?† The inner buzzer sounded with its intermittent burring noise. Bayta's lips moved wordlessly, â€Å"The Mule!† Magnifico was in the doorway, eyes wide, his voice a whimper, â€Å"The Mule?† Toran murmured, â€Å"I've got to let them in.† A contact opened the air lock and the outer door closed behind the newcomer. The scanner showed only a single shadowed figure. â€Å"It's only one person,† said Toran, with open relief, and his voice was almost shaky as he bent toward the signal tube, â€Å"Who are you?† â€Å"You'd better let me in and find out, hadn't you?† The words came thinly out the receiver. â€Å"I'll inform you that this is a Foundation ship and consequently Foundation territory by international treaty.† â€Å"I know that.† â€Å"Come with your arms free, or I'll shoot. I'm well-armed.† â€Å"Done!† Toran opened the inner door and closed contact on his blast pistol, thumb hovering over the pressure point. There was the sound of footsteps and then the door swung open, and Magnifico cried out, â€Å"It's not the Mule. It's but a man.† The â€Å"man† bowed to the clown somberly, â€Å"Very accurate. I'm not the Mule.† He held his hands apart, â€Å"I'm not armed, and I come on a peaceful errand. You might relax and put the blast pistol away. Your hand isn't steady enough for my peace of mind.† â€Å"Who are you?† asked Toran, brusquely. â€Å"I might ask you that,† said the stranger, coolly, â€Å"since you're the one under false pretenses, not I.† â€Å"How so?† â€Å"You're the one who claims to be a Foundation citizen when there's not an authorized Trader on the planet.† â€Å"That's not so. How would you know?† â€Å"Because I am a Foundation citizen, and have my papers to prove it. Where are yours?† â€Å"I think you'd better get out.† â€Å"I think not. If you know anything about Foundation methods, and despite your imposture you might, you'd know that if I don't return alive to my ship at a specified time, there'll be a signal at the nearest Foundation headquarters so I doubt if your weapons will have much effect, practically speaking.† There was an irresolute silence and then Bayta said, calmly, â€Å"Put the blaster away, Toran, and take him at face value. He sounds like the real thing.† â€Å"Thank you,† said the stranger. Toran put his gun on the chair beside him, â€Å"Suppose you explain all this now.† The stranger remained standing. He was long of bone and large of limb. His face consisted of hard flat planes and it was somehow evident that he never smiled. But his eyes lacked hardness. He said, â€Å"News travels quickly, especially when it is apparently beyond belief. I don't suppose there's a person on Kalgan who doesn't know that the Mule's men were kicked in the teeth today by two tourists from the Foundation. I knew of the important details before evening, and, as I said, there are no Foundation tourists aside from myself on the planet. We know about those things.† â€Å"Who are the ‘we'?† â€Å"‘We' are – ‘we'! Myself for one! I knew you were at the Hangar – you had been overheard to say so. I had my ways of checking the registry, and my ways of finding the ship.† He turned to Bayta suddenly, â€Å"You're from the Foundation – by birth, aren't you?† â€Å"Am I?† â€Å"You're a member of the democratic opposition – they call it ‘the underground.' I don't remember your name, but I do the face. You got out only recently – and wouldn't have if you were more important.† Bayta shrugged, â€Å"You know a lot.† â€Å"I do. You escaped with a man. That one?† â€Å"Does it matter what I say?† â€Å"No. I merely want a thorough mutual understanding. I believe that the password during the week you left so hastily was ‘Seldon, Hardin, and Freedom.' Porfirat Hart was your section leader. â€Å" â€Å"Where'd you get that?† Bayta was suddenly fierce. â€Å"Did the police get him?† Toran held her back, but she shook herself loose and advanced. The man from the Foundation said quietly, â€Å"Nobody has him. It's just that the underground spreads widely and in queer places. I'm Captain Han Pritcher of Information, and I'm a section leader myself – never mind under what name.† He waited, then said, â€Å"No, you don't have to believe me. In our business it is better to overdo suspicion than the opposite. But I'd better get past the preliminaries.† â€Å"Yes,† said Toran, â€Å"suppose you do.† â€Å"May I sit down? Thanks.† Captain Pritcher swung a long leg across his knee and let an arm swing loose over the back of the chair. â€Å"I'll start out by saying that I don't know what all this is about – from your angle. You two aren't from the Foundation, but it's not a hard guess that you're from one of the independent Trading worlds. That doesn't bother me overmuch. But out of curiosity, what do you want with that fellow, that clown you snatched to safety? You're risking your life to hold on to him.† â€Å"I can't tell you that.† â€Å"Hm-m-m. Well, I didn't think you would. But if you're waiting for the Mule himself to come behind a fanfarade of horns, drums, and electric organs – relax! The Mule doesn't work that way.† â€Å"What?† It came from both Toran and Bayta, and in the comer where Magnifico lurked with ears almost visibly expanded, there was a sudden joyful start. â€Å"That's right. I've been trying to contact him myself, and doing a rather more thorough job of it than you two amateurs can. It won't work. The man makes no personal appearance, does not allow himself to be photographed or simulated, and is seen only by his most intimate associates.† â€Å"Is that supposed to explain your interest in us, captain?† questioned Toran. â€Å"No. That clown is the key. That clown is one of the very few that have seen him. I want him. He may be the proof I need – and I need something, Galaxy knows – to awaken the Foundation.† â€Å"It needs awakening?† broke in Bayta with sudden sharpness. â€Å"Against what? And in what role do you act as alarm, that of rebel democrat or of secret police and provocateur?† The captain's face set in its hard lines. â€Å"When the entire Foundation is threatened, Madame Revolutionary, both democrats and tyrants perish. Let us save the tyrants from a greater, that we may overthrow them in their turn.† â€Å"Who's the greater tyrant you speak of?† flared Bayta. â€Å"The Mule! I know a bit about him, enough to have been my death several times over already, if I had moved less nimbly. Send the clown out of the room. This will require privacy.† â€Å"Magnifico,† said Bayta, with a gesture, and the clown left without a sound. The captain's voice was grave and intense, and low enough so that Toran and Bayta drew close. He said, â€Å"The Mule is a shrewd operator – far too shrewd not to realize the advantage of the magnetism and glamour of personal leadership. If he gives that up, it's for a reason. That reason must be the fact that personal contact would reveal something that is of overwhelming importance not to reveal.† He waved aside questions, and continued more quickly, â€Å"I went back to his birthplace for this, and questioned people who for their knowledge will not live long. Few enough are still alive. They remember the baby born thirty years before – the death of his mother – his strange youth. The Mule is not a human being!† And his two listeners drew back in horror at the misty implications. Neither understood, fully or clearly, but the menace of the phrase was definite. The captain continued, â€Å"He is a mutant, and obviously from his subsequent career, a highly successful one. I don't know his powers or the exact extent to which he is what our thrillers would call a ‘superman,' but the rise from nothing to the conqueror of Kalgan's warlord in two years is revealing. You see, don't you, the danger? Can a genetic accident of unpredictable biological properties be taken into account in the Seldon plan?† Slowly, Bayta spoke, â€Å"I don't believe it. This is some sort of complicated trickery. Why didn't the Mule's men kill us when they could have, if he's a superman?† â€Å"I told you that I don't know the extent of his mutation. He may not be ready, yet, for the Foundation, and it would be a sign of the greatest wisdom to resist provocation until ready. Now let me speak to the clown.† The captain faced the trembling Magnifico, who obviously distrusted this huge, hard man who faced him. The captain began slowly, â€Å"Have you seen the Mule with your own eyes?† â€Å"I have but too well, respected sir. And felt the weight of his arm with my own body as well.† â€Å"I have no doubt of that. Can you describe him?† â€Å"It is frightening to recall him, respected sir. He is a man of mighty frame. Against him, even you would be but a spindling. His hair is of a burning crimson, and with all my strength and weight I could not pull down his arm, once extended – not a hair's thickness.† Magnifico's thinness seemed to collapse upon itself in a huddle of arms and legs. â€Å"Often, to amuse his generals or to amuse only himself, he would suspend me by one finger in my belt from a fearful height, while I chattered poetry. It was only after the twentieth verse that I was withdrawn, and each improvised and each a perfect rhyme, or else start over. He is a man of overpowering might, respected sir, and cruel in the use of his power – and his eyes, respected sir, no one sees.† â€Å"What? What's that last?† â€Å"He wears spectacles, respected sir, of a curious nature. It is said that they are opaque and that he sees by a powerful magic that far transcends human powers. I have heard,† and his voice was small and mysterious, â€Å"that to see his eyes is to see death; that he kills with his eyes, respected sir.† Magnifico's eyes wheeled quickly from one watching face to another. He quavered, â€Å"It is true. As I live, it is true. â€Å" Bayta drew a long breath, â€Å"Sounds like you're right, captain. Do you want to take over?† â€Å"Well, let's look at the situation. You don't owe anything here? The hangar's barrier above is free?† â€Å"I can leave any time.† â€Å"Then leave. The Mule may not wish to antagonize the Foundation, but he runs a frightful risk in letting Magnifico get away. It probably accounts for the hue and cry after the poor devil in the first place. So there may be ships waiting for you upstairs. If you're lost in space, who's to pin the crime?† â€Å"You're right,† agreed Toran, bleakly. â€Å"However, you've got a shield and you're probably speedier than anything they've got, so as soon as you're clear of the atmosphere make the circle in neutral to the other hemisphere, then just cut a track outwards at top acceleration.† â€Å"Yes,† said Bayta coldly, â€Å"and when we are back on the Foundation, what then, captain?† â€Å"Why, you are then co-operative citizens of Kalgan, are you not? I know nothing to the contrary, do I?† Nothing was said. Toran turned to the controls. There was an imperceptible lurch. It was when Toran had left Kalgan sufficiently far in the rear to attempt his first interstellar jump, that Captain Pritcher's face first creased slightly – for no ship of the Mule had in any way attempted to bar their leaving. â€Å"Looks like he's letting us carry off Magnifico,† said Toran. â€Å"Not so good for your story.† â€Å"Unless,† corrected the captain, â€Å"he wants us to carry him off, in which case it's not so good for the Foundation.† It was after the last jump, when within neutral-flight distance of the Foundation, that the first hyperwave news broadcast reached the ship. And there was one news item barely mentioned. It seemed that a warlord – unidentified by the bored speaker – had made representations to the Foundation concerning the forceful abduction of a member of his court. The announcer went on to the sports news. Captain Pritcher said icily, â€Å"He's one step ahead of us after all.† Thoughtfully, he added, â€Å"He's ready for the Foundation, and he uses this as an excuse for action. It makes things more difficult for us. We will have to act before we are really ready.†

Literature: the Chronicles of Narnia and Fantasy

Fantasy Literature and Fantastic Language Kelli Pearson Eng/290 7/30/2012 Crystal Sands Fantastic Literature and Fantastic Language Fantasy literature is fantasy in written form. Historically speaking, literature has composed the majority of fantasy works. Since the 1960s a segment of the fantasy genre has taken the form of movies, television programs, novels, video games, music and other media. Fantasy Language is is a constructed language designed for aesthetic pleasure. Fantasy language has an irregular grammer, much like natural languages. Many are designed within the context of fictional worlds.Others represent fictional minority languages in a world not patently different from the real world, or have no particular fictional background attached. There are several different schools of Fantasy language construction. The most prominent is the naturalist school, which seeks to imitate the complexity and historicity of natural languages and has artistic language. Many do not use this language, but follow a more abstract style. The poem and story that I chose was an African Poem by Walter Dean Myers and the story the Chronicles of Narnia. While choosing the two of these I thought they were very interesting and I wanted to share.The poem is called Jeannie Had a Giggle which recites the words : Jeannie had a giggle just beneath her toes She gave a little wiggle and up her leg it rose. She tried to grab the giggle as it shimmied past her knees But it slid right past her fingers with a â€Å"‘scuse me if you please† It slipped around her middle, it made her jump and shout Jeannie wanted that giggle in, that giggle wanted out! Jeannie closed her mouth, but then she heard a funny sound As out that silly giggle flew and jumped down to the ground. Jeannie caught it with her foot just beneath her toes She gave a little wiggle and up her leg it rose.I chose this poem because I believe this poem is a form of dance. Where as in the African culture they interpre t a lot of movement through dance. African dance teaches values and social patterns to help people work, mature, or praise people in their community. I feel that this poem showed how Jenny was full of Joy from head to toe. This poem expresses that values of the African religion of how they use dance to interpret praise within themselves. The fantasy story that I chose was The Chronicles of Narnia. I chose this story because it is filled with fantasy and full of imagination.According to (Matt Brennan http://cslewis. drzeus. net ) The Narnia Chronicles are surely the most popular works of writer C. S. Lewis. And although they are recognized as children's fantasy novels, they are also popular with students and adults, including many Christian theologians. In the Narnia Chronicles, Lewis identifies the Biblical character of Jesus Christ as the character of Aslan the lion. He retells certain events in the life of Jesus to children. This way it is easier for a children to understand; most importantly, however, children can both relate to and enjoy the fantasy of Narnia.I feel that this story is a great story that uses animals to grasp the attention of the children. Narnia is a land of talking animals, and as children usually find the concept of animals and magical creatures more interesting than that of a historical reality of long ago. This story also has a religious aspect behind its creation. It speaks from the book of Genisis. Narnia proves to be the perfect vehicle for a captivating work of children's literature. Through using animals to create the story gains interest Animals in this story are especially apparent with the use of Aslan the lion as a God figure: â€Å"The Lion opened his mouth†¦ e was breathing out a long, warm breath; it seemed to sway all the beasts as the wind sways a line of trees. † (Lewis, 1988, p. 108). This image of life-giving breath directly correlates to a passage in Genesis: â€Å"The Lord God formed the man from the dus t of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being. † (Gen 2:7). I believe that the two compare based on religious beliefs. I have viewed the Chronicles of Narnia and this story seems to have a strong affect on many viewers and I believe it is due to the fantasy of the story but the reality of the biblical times.Aswell as the poem. Its grasp the attention of children because of the laughter but it expresses movements of the traditional praise of how the African culture expresses themselves. The Chronicles of Narnia has been criticized in the past for gender stereotyping. I think that this may have caused a lot of problems with some readers because of how the story was written about Sarah. In my poem I didn’t feel as if it had any stereotyping. The way I see it is that It just basically described a fun loving little girl who enjoys life from head to toe.These two types of literature were very different but I believe that they will both gain the interest of young children. I believe the message that the poem sends to children is that the world is the limits. Go after your dream and most importantly be Happy! The Chronicles of Narnia sends a message that the world of fantasy is real. It gives children the idea to dream and hope. I gives children the belief of following their dreams and believing in yourself. Fantasy is a world of make believe that many children thrive to have. We all have had the urge to follow our dreams.As a child many children have the dream of being a princess and in the story the little girl became a princess and that is a little girls fairy tale just like a little boys to become a warrior. In conclusion children's fantasy plays a big part in literature. Its easy for children to understand what they are reading or being read to. Fantasy to a child is a big part of their lives. They believe in what they read and watch and its up to adults to help them understand better how to use their imagination. References Myers, W. D. (n. d. ). Jenny Had A Giggle. Retrieved from http://cslewis. drzeus. net Retrieved from http://www. wikipedia. com

Black Relaions in Brazil Essay

Black Relaions in Brazil Essay Black Relaions in Brazil Essay Black In Latin America / Brazil: A Racial Paradise? In Brazil, Professor Gates explores how this â€Å"rainbow nation† is waking up to it's legacy as the world's largest slave economy. An estimated 4.8 million African slaves were brought to Brazil over 500 years ago when Portuguese slave trades were high with the country and sugar farming was the countries number one resource. The slaves brought with them their religion, culture, and music. Approximately 75 million people remain in Brazil with ties to African descent and Brazil is the second largest black population in the world next to Nigeria. Brazil was the last country in the western hemisphere to abolish slavery in 1888. However, they were the first to claim that they were free of racism a declare there nation a racial democracy. Many of the countries African descendents believe this is a myth and believe that racism does exist within Brazil. The Brazilian people themselves do not distinguish race as we do here in the United States, the refer to racial categories as color s such as â€Å"Moreno† or â€Å"Negro† but in different shades, but never distinguish anyone differently based merely on the appearance of their skin tone. According to Joao Reis professor of history at the Federal University of Bahia, their were ten times as many slaves brought to Brazil as to the United States during the history of the slave trades because the Portuguese controlled many of the ports in the Caribbean and Africa during the time period of 1502-1867 which gave them easier access to transport slaves the shorter distances to Brazil. Also, slavery was much more barbaric in Brazil because the slaves were easily replaced. Plantation owners did not allow slaves to be armed, so the slaves found a way to organize and learned how to defend themselves through learning Capoeira. The art form is known by quick and complex moves, using mainly power kicks, leg sweeps, knee strikes, take downs, elbow strikes, punches, and head butts. It was a form of training used by the slaves and disguised as a dance when the Calvary came in case they had to defend themselves. This art form is still practiced today in Brazil. The film also gave some information about Candomblà © wich is an African religion with oral tradition, mainly practiced in Brazil by the â€Å"povo de santo.† It is based on the soul of nature. The film also described Chica da Silva who was a woman born into slavery, that became one of the most powerful women in colonial Brazil when she started a romance with her very wealthy owner Joao Fernandes de Oliviera who was a diamond mine owner and one of the richest men in colonial Brazil who fell in love with her and set her free. When the churches condemned his actions, he built his own church and went against them for her. Together they had 13 children; raising them in white society and refusing to be treated as colored. Professor gates also spoke with Dora Alves (a black activist and hair stylist) who believes

Audie Murphy in World War II

Audie Murphy in World War II The sixth of twelve children, Audie Murphy was born June 20, 1925 (adjusted to 1924) in Kingston, TX. The son poor sharecroppers Emmett and Josie Murphy, Audie grew on farms in the area and attended school in Celeste. His education was cut short in 1936 when his father abandoned the family. Left with only a fifth-grade education, Murphy began working on local farms as a laborer to help support his family. A gifted hunter, he felt that the skill was necessary for feeding his siblings. Murphys situation worsened on May 23, 1941, with the death of his mother. Joining the Army Though he attempted to support the family on his own by working various jobs, Murphy was ultimately forced to place his three youngest siblings in an orphanage. This was done with the blessing of his older, married sister Corrine. Long believing that the military offered a chance to escape poverty, he attempted to enlist following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor that December. As he was only sixteen years old, Murphy was rejected by recruiters for being underage. In June 1942, shortly after his seventeenth birthday, Corrine adjusted Murphys birth certificate to make it appear that he was eighteen. Approaching the US Marine Corps and US Army Airborne, Murphy was rejected due to his small stature (55, 110 lbs.). He was similarly rejected by the US Navy. Pressing on, he ultimately achieved success with the US Army and enlisted at Greenville, TX on June 30. Ordered to Camp Wolters, TX, Murphy began basic training. During part of the course, he passed out leading his company commander to consider transferring him to cook school. Resisting this, Murphy completed basic training and transferred to Fort Meade, MD for infantry training. Murphy Goes to War Finishing the course, Murphy received an assignment to 3rd Platoon, Baker Company, 1st Battalion, 15th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Infantry Division in Casablanca, Morocco. Arriving in early 1943, he began training for the invasion of Sicily. Moving forward on July 10, 1943, Murphy participated in the 3rd Divisions assault landings near Licata and served a division runner. Promoted to corporal five days later, he used his marksmanship skills on a scouting patrol to kill two Italian officers attempting to escape on horseback near Canicatti. Over the coming weeks, Murphy took part in the 3rd Divisions advance on Palermo but also contracted malaria. Decorations in Italy With the conclusion of the campaign on Sicily, Murphy and the division shifted into training for the invasion of Italy. Coming ashore at Salerno on September 18, nine days after the initial Allied landings, the 3rd Division immediately went into action and began an advance to and across the Volturno River before reaching Cassino. In the course of the fighting, Murphy led a night patrol that was ambushed. Remaining calm, he directed his men in turning back the German attack and captured several prisoners. This action resulted in a promotion to sergeant on December 13. Pulled from the front near Cassino, the 3rd Division took part in the landings at Anzio on January 22, 1944. Due to a malaria recurrence, Murphy, now a staff sergeant, missed the initial landings but rejoined the division a week later. During the course of the fighting around Anzio, Murphy, now a staff sergeant, earned two Bronze Stars for heroism in action. The first was awarded for his actions on March 2 and the second for destroying a German tank on May 8. With the fall of Rome in June, Murphy and the 3rd Division were withdrawn and began preparing to land in Southern France as part of Operation Dragoon. Embarking, the division landed near St. Tropez on August 15. Murphys Heroism in France On the day he came ashore, Murphys good friend Lattie Tipton was killed by a German soldier who was feigning surrender. Incensed, Murphy stormed forward and single-handedly wiped out the enemy machine gun nest before using the German weapon to clear several adjacent German positions. For his heroism, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. As the 3rd Division drove north into France, Murphy continued his outstanding performance in combat. On October 2 he won a Silver Star for clearing a machine gun position near Cleurie Quarry. This was followed a by a second award for advancing to direct artillery near Le Tholy. In recognition of Murphys stellar performance, he received a battlefield commission to second lieutenant on October 14. Now leading his platoon, Murphy was wounded in the hip later that month and spent ten weeks recovering. Returning to his unit still bandaged, he was made company commander on January 25, 1945, and promptly took some shrapnel from an exploding mortar round. Remaining in command, his company went into action the next day along the south edge of the Riedwihr Woods near Holtzwihr, France. Under heavy enemy pressure and with only nineteen men remaining, Murphy ordered the survivors to fall back. As they withdrew, Murphy remained in place providing covering fire. Expending his ammunition, he climbed atop a burning M10 tank destroyer and used its .50 cal. machine gun to hold the Germans at bay while also calling in artillery fire on the enemy position. Despite being wounded in the leg, Murphy continued this fight for nearly an hour until his men began moving forward again. Organizing a counterattack, Murphy, aided by air support, drove the Germans from Holtzwihr. In recognition of his stand, he received the Medal of Honor on June 2, 1945. When later asked why he had mounted the machine gun at Holtzwihr, Murphy replied: They were killing my friends. Returning Home Removed from the field, Murphy was made a liaison officer and promoted to first lieutenant on February 22. In recognition of his overall performance between January 22 to February 18, Murphy received the Legion of Merit. With the conclusion of World War II in Europe, he was sent home and arrived in San Antonio, TX on June 14. Hailed as the most-decorated American soldier of the conflict, Murphy was a national hero and the subject of parades, banquets, and appeared on the cover of Life magazine. Though formal inquiries were made regarding obtaining Murphy an appointment to West Point, it issue was later dropped. Officially assigned to Fort Sam Houston following his return from Europe, he was formally discharged from the US Army on September 21, 1945. That same month, actor James Cagney invited Murphy to Hollywood to pursue an acting career. Later Life Removing his younger siblings from the orphanage, Murphy took Cagney up on his offer. As he worked to establish himself as an actor, Murphy was plagued by issues that would now be diagnosed as post-traumatic stress disorder stemming from his time in combat. Suffering from headaches, nightmares, and vomiting as well as displaying alarming behavior at times towards friends and family, he developed a reliance on sleeping pills. Recognizing this, Murphy locked himself in a hotel room for a week to break the addition. An advocate for the needs of veterans, he later spoke openly about his struggles and worked to draw attention to both the physical and psychological needs of those soldiers returning from the Korean and Vietnam Wars. Though acting work was scarce at first, he earned critical acclaim for his role in 1951s The Red Badge of Courage and four years later starred in the adaptation of his autobiography To Hell and Back. During this time, Murphy also resumed his military career as a captain in the 36th Infantry Division, Texas National Guard.  Juggling this role with his film studio responsibilities, he worked to instruct new guardsmen as well as aided in recruiting efforts. Promoted to major in 1956, Murphy requested inactive status a year later. Over the next twenty-five years, Murphy made forty-four films with most of them being Westerns. In addition, he made several television appearances and later received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Also a successful country songwriter, Murphy was tragically killed when his plane crashed into Brush Mountain near Catawba, VA on May 28, 1971. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery on June 7. Though Medal of Honor recipients are entitled to have their headstones decorated with gold leaf, Murphy had previously requested that his remain plain like that of other common soldiers. In recognition of his career and efforts to aid veterans, the Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Hospital in San Antonio, TX was named in his honor in 1971. Audie Murphys Decorations Medal of HonorDistinguished Service CrossSilver Star with First Oak Leaf ClusterBronze Star Medal with V Device and First Oak Leaf ClusterPurple Heart with Second Oak Leaf ClusterLegion of MeritGood Conduct MedalDistinguished Unit Emblem with First Oak Leaf ClusterAmerican Campaign MedalEuropean-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with one silver service star, three bronze service stars and one bronze service arrowheadWorld War II Victory MedalCombat Infantry BadgeMarksman Badge with Rifle BarExpert Badge with Bayonet BarFrench Fourragere in Colors of the Croix de GuerreFrench Legion of Honor, Grade of ChevalierFrench Croix de Guerre with silver starBelgian Croix de Guerre 1940 with Palm Sources Texas Historical Association: Audie MurphyAudie L. Murphy Memorial WebsiteArlington Cemetery: Audie L. Murphy

Leadership Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadership Management - Assignment Example One time I managed to collect the most medical bills for the company that was, in fact, a record. No one had exceeded receiving over $10,000 in a month for the company. I broke the barrier and collected over $12,000 of medical bills (bad debts). It was my supervisor who recognized and rewarded me for my effort. I used to report directly to this person. Any discrepancy or a problem in the workflow was reported directly to him. I did not receive any extra monetary recognition for my efforts. My direct supervisor was usually a reticent person. He never verbally praised anyone before. When he praised me, it made it unique to me and for my peers. On the day when we got our reports he walked into the room. All the employees were sitting at their workstations busy with work. Suddenly he announced my name and asked me to stand up. Then he read the report of my performance. With a smile, he announced my collections for the month. All the other employees started cheering and clapping. I have chosen to cite this experience here because it was unique and therefore memorable. In our medical bill collection company, such recognition or reward system was unknown before. Employees would just work get their paychecks and go back to their homes. But this was the first time when they realized that they were adding value to the company. We felt like we were an essential part of the organization. My efforts also made my supe rvisor happy because our department received additional funds for better performance than the other departments. When I received the recognition, it made me feel proud of myself. Ironically, the things that do not cost money are usually the most effective (Nelson, page I). I started believing in myself. Before this occurrence, I never considered myself worthy of such a competition. There were more experienced professionals and peers working in the same department. I was of the mind that I could never beat them at their game. But I did not only beat them